Foundation

Options Basics

Learn how options, calls, puts, chains, strikes, expiration, moneyness, premiums, assignment, volume and open interest work through sourced explanations and examples.

By Philip FowdarPublished

Start here if you are new to options or want to refresh the foundations. Learn what calls and puts represent, how to read a chain, what strike and expiration mean, and how premium, moneyness, volume and open interest affect a contract.

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Explore Options Basics

Options Basics

What Are Options?

A plain-English explanation of options contracts, rights, obligations, premiums and expiration. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Options Basics

Calls vs Puts

Understand how call and put rights, obligations and directional exposure differ. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Options Basics

How to Read an Options Chain

Learn the expirations, strikes, bids, asks, volume, open interest, Greeks and IV shown in an options chain. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Options Basics

Strike Price and Expiration

Learn how the strike and expiration define option rights, time horizon and payoff boundaries. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Options Basics

Options Moneyness

Understand in-the-money, at-the-money and out-of-the-money calls and puts. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Options Basics

Option Premium, Intrinsic Value and Time Value

Break an option premium into intrinsic and extrinsic components and understand why they change. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Options Basics

Exercise vs Assignment

Understand the difference between exercising an option and being assigned as an option seller. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Options Basics

Open Interest vs Volume

Learn what option volume and open interest measure and what they do not prove. Includes a worked example, risks and primary sources.

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Frequently asked questions

Where should a beginner start?

Start with what options are, then calls versus puts, before learning to read an options chain and compare strike and expiration choices.

Is this personalised financial advice?

No. The learning centre provides general education and worked examples, not personal recommendations or trade instructions.

Sources

Verified July 16, 2026

  1. 1Investor.gov: An Introduction to Options
  2. 2FINRA: Options — contracts, risks and Greeks
  3. 3OCC: Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options